The transformation of a traditional cell into most cancers is akin to a series reaction a result of Preliminary glitches, which compound into a lot more intense mistakes, Every single progressively letting the mobile to escape far more controls that Restrict normal tissue progress. This rebellion-like state of affairs is definitely an undesirable survival with the fittest, where the driving forces of evolution perform against the body's layout and enforcement of get.
而根據癌症發展的程度，又可分為零、一、二、三、四期等，及早期與晚期，通常零到一期算是早期，但在不同癌症中每期的定義和治療方法都有所不同，確實的分期仍應參考美國癌症聯合委員會的定義。
The tissue analysis from the biopsy implies the kind of cell that is proliferating, its histological grade, genetic abnormalities along with other functions. With each other, this details is useful To guage the prognosis and to pick the finest treatment method.
Radiation to the breast reduces the ability of that breast to produce milk and increases the risk of mastitis. Also, when chemotherapy is specified after delivery, most of the medication appear in breast milk, which could hurt the infant.[271]
許多預防癌症的想法是根據流行病學的研究而來，分析病患的資料可發現生活方式或是接觸一些環境危險因子的確與特定癌症的發生機率相關。越來越多的證據顯示，根據流行病學研究所提出的建議改善，確實可以讓癌症發病率和死亡率降低。
Individuals that survive most cancers create a next Key most cancers at about 2 times the speed of People never diagnosed.[208] The improved risk is believed being a result of the random chance of creating any most cancers, the likelihood of surviving the initial cancer, exactly the same threat components that created the primary most cancers, unwelcome Negative effects of dealing with the 1st most cancers (significantly radiation therapy), and much better compliance with screening.[208]
People with most cancers 癌症 have a heightened danger of blood clots in their veins that may be daily life-threatening.[210] The use of blood thinners which include heparin lessen the chance of blood clots but haven't been proven to boost survival in those with cancer.[210] People who acquire blood thinners also have an elevated chance of bleeding.[210]
免疫療法是利用人體內的免疫機制來對抗腫瘤細胞。已經有許多對抗癌症的免疫療法在研究中。目前較有進展的就是癌症疫苗療法和單株抗體療法，而免疫細胞療法則是最近這幾年最新發展的治療技術。
出生后发生的基因突变。大多数基因突变会在您出生后发生，并且不会被遗传。有多种因素会导致基因突变，例如抽烟、辐射、病毒、致癌化学物质（致癌物）、肥胖症、激素、慢性发炎和缺乏运动。
Some types of most cancers are named for the dimensions and shape from the cells underneath a microscope, like giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma and modest-mobile carcinoma.
化学致癌物，例如石棉、烟草烟雾成分、酒精、黄曲霉毒素（一种食品污染物）、 砷（一种饮水污染物）、烷化剂、酰化剂、亚硝胺类、芳香胺、环氧化物等；巴豆油、 激素、酚类等物品，会增加致癌物质的效应。
雖然癌症症狀的治療並不被視為是癌症的治療方法，但對於癌症病患的生活品質有重要的幫助，也能用來評估病患是否能進一步接受其他治療。儘管所有醫師都能夠使用藥物來減輕或抑制疼痛、噁心、嘔吐、腹瀉、出血及其他癌症患者常見的症狀，舒緩治療的進一步發展對於有這一方面的需求的病患仍然是相當重要的。
Taller people have an increased chance of most cancers because they have far more cells than shorter people. Given that peak is genetically decided to a significant extent, taller folks have a heritable boost in most cancers risk.[88]
微量營養素缺乏被認為與癌症有關，但是進行隨機臨床實驗需要眾多人數參與，需時多年才能完成，因此花費也極為昂貴和複雜，所以很少實施。而通常只能以單劑量來做實驗，缺乏其他濃度比較，使得難以評估實際臨床所需的量也是一大問題。